The first module in the Cancer Control series, Planning, provides a template for cancer control planning and progamme implementation. The recommended framework draws on earlier WHO work in this field, the principles of which are set out in National cancer control programmes, policies and managerial guidelines (WHO, 2002), and various WHO policies that have influenced cancer control in the recent past. This module discusses how to plan and implement an effective diagnosis and treatment programme using a public health approach, within the context of a national cancer control programme.