For the first time, the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is now considered a realistic public health goal and an important part of the campaign to achieve the millennium development goals. The 2010 revised PMTCT recommendations are based on two key approaches; lifelong ART for HIV-infected women in need of treatment for their own health, which is also safe and effective in reducing MTCT. And ARV prophylaxis to prevent MTCT during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding for HIV-infected women not in need of treatment.